Wireless positioning techniques include Cell-ID, time of arrival, time-difference of arrival, fingerprinting, etc. On the other hand, wireless positioning based on a mobile communication network is most suitable when considering the availability of positioning in all indoor and outdoor spaces. However, GPS/GNSS can normally only be used outdoors and wireless network-based positioning is generally only available indoors or in outdoor areas where infrastructure is installed. To this end, Global Positioning System (GPS)/Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is the most common method in outdoor environments, with mobile/wireless network-based wireless location technology also used in various ways. Location information of a pedestrian is recognized as being very important for emergency rescue and location-based services and has been estimated and provided based on various methodologies. As a result of the experiment in Seoul, it was confirmed that the positions of seven base stations were estimated with an average accuracy of 40.2 m. At the same time, the SPM estimated based on the corresponding VL is selected as the SPM of the base station. The VL with the minimum sum of the squared residuals is determined as the location of the base station. The residuals between the outputs of the estimated SPM and the RSRP measurements are then calculated. Signal propagation modelling is performed based on the assumptions that a base station is in each VL and the RSRP measurements are obtained from the corresponding base station. In the proposed technique, multiple Virtual Locations (VLs) for a base station are set within the service area. To this end, this paper proposes a technique for estimating the SPM and the location of the base station at the same time using location-based Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) information acquired in a limited area. In the Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, the Signal Propagation Model (SPM) and the location information of the base stations are required for positioning a smartphone.
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